Muffler.



H: ANDRESEN.

MUFFLER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26, 1917.

Patented July 9, 1918.

Ill/VE/VTOR 4 R F/Em UNITED STASPA nALvon ANDRESEN, on NEW YORK, n. r,essrenon w Tnn oonrone'rron.

or ion.

VACUUM MUFFLER nnrrnnn.

Patented July 9, 1918.

Application filed June 26, 1917. serial No. N7967- To all whom it mayconcern:

Be it known that I HALVOR Axmuasnx, a subject of the King of Norway, anda resident of the'borough of Manhattan, in the city of New York. countyand State of New1York, have invented new and useful Improvements inMufljlers, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to mufliers for use with internal combustlonengines or in fact forwardly extending members into an outer receivingspace or conduction chamber which increases gradually in cross-sectionin passing toward the discharge opening of the mumer.

The outwardly and forwardly extending Inembersfrequently hereinafterreferred to as deflecting members or platesgradually recede from eachother in passing from the central portion of the mufiler toward themufiier discharge opening. This receding from each other is gradual andrelatively small. due to the angle which each deflecting member as awhole makes relatively to the radial line passing through the center ofthe initial receiving space and the'inner or rear end of each member.The forward or outer or discharge ends of the members are arranged inthe form of a circle about the center of the initial receiving space andeach of these ends makes a comparatively small angle with the lineindicating the general direction or flow of gases that travel alongthrough the conduction chamber on the way to the discharge opening ofthe muifier. These outwardly and forwardly extending members in efl'ectconstitute nozzle members. The gases passing from one nozzle thus formedwill flow pastthe delivery end of the succeeding nozzle and will tend tosuck gases from the succeeding nozzles.

Further functions and advantages of my improved muffler constructionwill hereinafter more fully appear.

As illustrating a specific embodiment of the invention reference ismadeto the ac companying drawing which forms a part,-

T he muffler embraces a suitable casing I which may be considered tocomprlse spaced heads A and B and a side wall C. The head A may bearbitrarilyreferred to as the rear head and the head B as the forwardhead since the incoming gases first pass through head A and flowforwardly toward head B. This nomenclature, however, it will beunderstood is as above indicated merely an arbitrary one which isadopted for convenience in this case. The side wall (1 may be consideredto start at 1 continue along a curved path to 2, 3. 4, X 5, 6 andfinally return to 1 thereby forming an inclosed exterior curved sidewall. This curved side wall C can be formed partially on the head A. as,for instance, of the portion ca, and partially on the head B as ofportion 0?). it, will be readily appreciated, however, that the sidewall C can be an independent member placed between the opposing heads.

In the construction shown the side wall portion 0?) is provided with arib cc which enters a groove (1? in the side wall portion ca. This sidewall C is spiral in form, as will be noted from-an inspection of Fig. 1of the drawing. The head A is provided with a tubular projection D towhich the exhaust pipe of a hydrocarbon engine may be connected and theincoming gases flow through the inlet opening TN of the tubularprojection D into the central chamber or initial receiving space 13located within the'central portion of the mufie'r casing. The forwardend of this initial receiving space E is defined by a conical portion Fwhich extends rearwardly from the forward head B so that the apex 7" ofsaid cone F extends into the receiving space E. This conical portion- Fserves to turn and deflect laterally the incoming gases, which aretraveling forwardly in a longitudinal direction, and this turning ordeflecting of the incoming gases is more or less gradual due to theconical portion F which is in the form of a smooth curve.

The sides or peripheral portions of the receiving space are defined bythe rear ends 9 of the series G of equally spaced curved deflectingmembers or plates. The rear or inner ends 9 of the several deflectingplates or members cooperate to provide what may be termedfa slotted wallthat defines the peripheral portion of the initial receiving space andfrom which wall deflecting plates or members extend outwardly in amanner to guide and control the gases when in transit from the initialreceiving space on their Way to the conduction chambeiz Alternatedeflecting members or plates as G are carried on the rear head A whilethe other set of alternating members or plates as G are carried on theforward head B. These deflecting members or plates are not only carriedon the heads as just indicated but in fact are preferably east on andconstitute a part of-the' member of which the head also constitutes apart. The deflecting members carried by each head extend to the oppositehead so that each deflecting member will constitute a-vane extendingfrom one head to the other. Alternating deflecting plates being carriedbyeach head permit the deflecting plates to be spaced a sufficient dis-1 tance apart, to allow the making without difliculty of-a propercasing.

One of these deflecting members, for -in stance Gm, extends to the sidewall. In fact the member (urw may be considered .a continuation of theside wall or the side wall may be considered as a continuation of thisparticular deflecting member and the two together constitute a part of aspiral starting at continuing to 1, 2, 3, 4, X 5, which spiral is aportion extendingv from X -to X that gradually recedes from the centerin passing from X to X. The outer with the exception of the memberGa:-are

all circularly arranged in respect to the center of the initialreceiving space E which center is practically coincident with the apex fof the cone F and it will also be observed that said outer ends Y--withthe exception of the member Gware spaced from the curved side wall C.Between the outer ends of these deflecting members and the side wall Con the one hand and'the heads A and B on the other hand there? isdefined a gradually increasing conduction chamber Z through which thegases flow toward the muflier discharge opening D0 in the directionindicated by the arrows 2 2 2 2* 2.22.

This conduction chamber Z gradually increases in cross-sectional area upto approximately Z after which it is slightly contracted, thus making aconstruction which is more harmonious in appearance than would be thecase if the gradual increase in cross-sectional area of the conductionchamber Z, extended to the muffler discharge opening DO. Moreover, it isdesirable to have the area of the discharge more nearly approximate thearea of the inlet opening IN that is provided within the tubularprojection D. These several deflecting members or plates are uniformlyspaced and symmetrically arranged and each is in the form of a spiral.The rear or inner ends of the series G of the deflecting members orplates are spaced so as to provide between them a number of narrow slotsg 9 etc., corresponding to the number of deflecting plates between whichthe gases flow forwardly in passing from the initial receiving space Eon their outward 'path through the mufiier and the gases are deflectedby the forward ends of these deflecting members or plates so that theymake a relatively small angle as M with the path of flow of the gasesalong the spiral conduction chamber which last mentioned path isindicated by the ar rows 2 .2 etc.

These deflecting members or plates may be considered to define a seriesof nozzles,

gases from subsequent-nozzles. The nozzles ,doing work in assisting thewithdrawal of are constructed so as to allow the gases to expand toatmospheric pressure or nearly so. They are also constructed so that thesuction effect of each preceding nozzle will be taken advantage of asfar as possible in assisting the withdrawal of gases through thesubsequent nozzles. v

' As previously indicated the nozzle providing members, to wit, thedeflecting members or plates, are curved at their outer ends so thatthey will discharge the gases, into the conduction chamber at a smallangle and in a direction to make a smooth, undisturbed flow through theconduction chamber. \Vhile it is not absolutely necessary that thedischarge. ends of the deflecting memberswhich define the nozzlesbearranged in a circle yet it will be manifest from an in-- spection ofthe drawing that this is a prac-- tical construction and this is thepreferred form. Due to the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 it will beobserved that the gases tend to have a uniform flow and expansion fromthe time they enter the initial receiving chamber E until they are readyfor dis charge from the conduction chamber Z.

Tn the operating of a gas engine it is in the short moment or periodfrom the opening of the exhaust valvewhich takes place when the pistonis near the bottom of the cylinderand until the pressure in the cylinderis reduced to atmospheric pressure that the sharp noise results from theexhaust. In this short period the gases at the delivery ends of thenozzles X W. etc, have a higher velocity than in the following dischargeof the gases from the cylinder,

due to the upward movement of-the piston from its bottom position to itshighest position. I This first sudden'blast of gases leaves severalnozzles at the same moment but due to the fact that the gases musttravel different distances to the delivery end of the over, the gasesdischarged from the nozzles N N etc., will have a suction eflt'ectuponthe gases discharged from the subsequent nozzles thus accelerating theflow of the gases from subsequent nozzles and causing a correspondingretardation of the flow of ,fler. .A line passing through the center Fgases from the preceding nozzles, which lastmentioned gases have thelongest distance to travel.

It will be observed from Fig. l of the drawing that the gases whichfirst pass through, for example, the slots g 9 gradually increase involume in passing toward the delivery end of the nozzles N N and flowinto the entrance end of the conduction chamber Z. The cross-sectionalarea of this conduction chambergradually increases so that in anyparticular cross-section in the conduct-ion chamber the area of thecross-section approximates or becomes a function of the combinedcross-sectional ,area of the delivery ends of the preceding nozzles andin this way there is a uniform expansion of the to the time they areready for delivery through the discharge opening of the mufwhich will beconsidered the center of the:

muflier, and, through the inner end of any one of the deflecting membersor plates of the series G will show that each deflecting mem' ber orplate as a whole is approximately at right angles to said radial line.The inner end of the deflecting member or plate makes an obtuse auglePwith its said radial line while the deli ery end of the same deflectingmember makes an acute angle R with the same radial line,

This angle R is approximately the angle 12 which the discharge end ofthis deflecting member makes relative to the path of flow of the gasesthrough the conduction chamber Z. In regard to the construction of theparts so that the flow will be gradually increased from the time ofleaving the slotted portion 9 to the time the gases are ready fordischarge from the muffler, this can be readily calculated by a persondesiring to construct the mutfler so as to embody the invention hereindescribed.

In the construction shown the muffler is made in two halves heldtogether by bolts 5- The details of construction of the muffler may bereadily followed without departing from the spirit and scope of theinven tion.

What I claim is:

1. A mutfler of the class described comprising a casing having spacedheads and a spiral side wall, which casingis provided with inlet anddischarge openings, said muffler also comprising a series of uniformlyspaced deflecting plates one of which plates merges into and becomes acontinuation of the spiral side wall, the inner ends of said deflectingplates providing the peripheral portion of a centrally located initialreceiving space into which the gases from the inlet opening flow, theouter end portions of said deflecting plates and the wall portion of thecasing on the one hand and the spaced heads on the other providing aconduction chamber that gradually increases in crosssectional area alongthe line of flow.

2. A muffler of the class described comprising in combination spacedheads, a caswhich define a centrally located initial receiving spacefrom which incoming gases pass through slots, between the inner ends ofsaid deflecting plates, into the spaces between said deflecting plates,there being be tween the outer ends of said deflecting plates and thewall formation a conduction chamber leading to the discharge opening ofthe muffler which conduction chamber gradually increases incross-sectional area in passing toward the discharge opening, the endsof said deflecting plates being constructed and arranged so that eachmakes an acute angle with the direction of flow of the gases passing byit.

4. A muflier of the class described com-- prising in combination spacedheads, a splral-shaped side wall, a serles of unlformly spaceddeflecting plates the inner ends of which plates define the peripheralportion of an initial receiving space, the outer ends of'said deflectingplates being arranged relative to the side wall'so that there is betweensaid deflecting plates and said side wall a conduction chamber thatgradually increases in crow-sectional area in passing toward a dischargeopening of the.

muflier, each deflecting plate being constructed so that the inner endthereof makeS an obtuse angle with the radial line passlng through thecenter of the initial receiving space to the inner end of the deflectingplate, the outer end of said deflectingplate making an acute angle withthe same radial portion of an initlal receiving space or I chamber, oneof said deflecting plates extendin to said wall and in efiect becoming acontlnuation thereof, the outer ends of said deflecting plates and thewall on the one hand and the spaced heads on the other defining a.conduction chamber through which the gases flow 'after passing thedeflecting plates'on the way to the discharge opening of the muflier. v

6. A muflier having a casin which is provided with the necessary in ctand discharge openings, which casing comprises spaced heads and aspiral-shaped inclosing side wall, said mufiier having a series ofuniformly spaced deflecting members or plates one of which is in effecta continua tion of the side wall, the outer ends of said spaceddeflecting plates being arranged in a circular path about the center ofan inltial receiving space, which receiving space is defined by theinner ends of said deflecting plates, and into which initial receivingspace the gases are received from the inlet opening of the mufiier, theconstruction being such that between the outer ends of the deflectingmember and the spiral side wall there is provided a conduction chamberwhich gradually increases in volume in passing toward the dischargeopening of the muflier.

"Z'. A inufiier of the class described comprising a casing having spacedheads and a curved side wall, which casing is provided curve space intowhich the gases fromthe inlet opening flow, the outer end portions ofsaid deflecting plates and the wall portion of the casing on the onehand and the spaced heads on the other providing a conduction'cham-- berleading to the discharge opening.

8. A muflier of the class described com-- prising in combinationspacedheads, a casing side wall, a series of uniformly-spaced curveddeflecting plates one of which ex tends to or merges into the side walland the others of which are arranged so that the outer ends thereof arespaced from the casing side wall whereby there is provided a conductionchamber leading to the muflier discharge.

9. A mufiler of th class described comprisin in combination spacedheads, a

side wall, a series of uniformlyspaced deflecting plates or membersextending'outwardly from a slotted wall defining the peripheral portionof an initial receiving space, the outer ends of said deflecting platesbeing arranged relative to the side wall so that there is between saiddeflecting plates and said side wall a conduction chamber leading towarda discharge opening of the mufiler,. each deflecting plate beingconstructed so that the inner end thereof makes an obtuse angle with theradial line passing through the center of the initial receiving space tothe inner end of the deflecting plate, the outer end of said deflectingplate making an acute angle with the same radial line, one of saiddeflecting plates or members being constructed so that it extends to theside Wall.

10. A mufiier having a casing which is provided with inlet anddischargeepenings, which casing comprises spaced heads and a curvedinclosing side wall, said m-uflier having a series of uniformly-spaceddeflect-ing members or plates one of which is in effect a continuationof the side wall, the outer ends of the other of said spaced deflectingplates being spaced from said inclosing side wall, said muflier havingan initial receiving space into which the gases are received from themuffler inlet opening, which inlet or receiving space is partiallydefined by the inner ends of said deflecting plates, the mufflerconstruction being such that be tween the outer ends of the deflectingmem-' bers and the side wall there is a conduction chamber for the gasesflowing toward the discharge opening.

11. A mufiler having a casing provided with inlet and dischargeopenings, which casing comprises spaced heads and an inclosing sideWall, said mufller having a series of spaced deflecting members orplates one of which extends to the side Wall, the outer ends of theother of said spaced deflecting plates being spaced from 'said inclosingside wall, said muffler having an initial receiving space into which thegases are received from the muffler inlet opening, the peripheralportion of which inlet or receiving Space is defined by a slotted Wall,the mufller construction being such -that between the outer ends of thedeflecting members and the side Wall there is a conduction chamber forthe gases flowing toward the discharge 15 opening.

This specification signed and witnessed this 25th day of June, A; D.,1917. HALVOR AN DRESEN Signed in the presence of EDWIN A. PACKARD G.MOGRANN.

